Hispanic American Diversity Essay

In identifying the linguistic, governmental, mixer, economic, religious, and familial conventions and statuses of Hispanic groups breathing in the linked States (US) the following remain as the center of attention Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Columbians. While there is distinctiveness in each groups agri civilization, their diction categorizes them in one of two large groups cognize as Latino or Hispanic Americans. The Spanish vocabulary is common between these groups, though all turn over exclusive dialects that set them apart.The commonalities and differences atomic number 18 not limited to just language, but span across e really aspect of Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban and Columbian elan of life. Today in the US millions of people classify themselves as Mexican Americans (2005). The intricate and confluent Mexican American multicultural heritage is a direct demonstration of influences from such places as Spain and Mexico (2005). The unique lan guage of Mexican Americans is no exception to influences as it is derived from a combination of Mexicos national language, Spanish, and the national language of the US, English.Although sometimes described as an under-represented group in US regime, Mexican Americans were rattling active in the Mexican American civilised Rights lawsuit. This movement included a wide-rang of issues, from rights for farm bunkers to the right to vote (2000). As with their political status, socially Mexican Americans continually battle to fit in. Their want of having the American dream burns bright within the hearts and minds of all Mexican Americans and makes their social battle seem that much more(prenominal) important.Throughout the in-migration history of Mexican Americans, little advancement has been made for progress from immigrant stand up to mainstream social status. This is largely due to the lack of education provided and the vast totality of discrimination they received (2006). In edu cation, another battle for Mexican Americans arises. Richard Alba (2006) stated, Huntington presents selective information that appear to show very low levels of Mexican-American educational advancement beyond high initiate, regardless of generation. A full comparison of high school education completion broken down by Hispanic origin.Note. From Bernstein, R. & Bergman, M. (2005). Young, diverse, urban. United States Department of Commerce News. Retrieved knock against 1, 2008, from http//www. census. gov/Press-Release/www/2003/cb03-100. hypertext markup language Similar to the contest noted with education, economically, Mexican Americans splutter for second-rate pay. During the Mexican American Civil Rights movement Mexican American economics came from the shadows to become one of the many another(prenominal) issues faced. Today this harsh reality unflustered burdens just about all Mexican Americans. The one bright light may be their religious beliefs.Although, not always t rue, most churches today deliver separate mass for Spanish speaking parishioners. Religion remains a very warm work out in Mexican American family and nuance. As with their religion, family remains quite self-coloured in the lives of Mexican Americans. They pee-pee untouchable ties to not only ready family in the US but family living in Mexico as well. This fastening is so deep that some families continue to send money to their love ones in Mexico. Similar to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans speak a derivative of Spanish as their main language.Politically, Puerto Ricans the likes of Mexican Americans atomic number 18 under-represented in US political relation. In fact their start in government held them back from individualizing themselves. The progression of politics into Puerto Rican life in the US has foregone from localiseing on social and cultural issues in the 1950s to electoral participation and lobbying becoming the mainstay of their political ground (2003, p. 6) . With all the strides Puerto Ricans have made politically, socially they have grown as well. They have interconnected themselves into society, by fighting the same battles all Latinos fought racism and discrimination.Although, they have a higher percentage of people graduating high school than Mexican Americans, they all the same maintain less than three quarters of Hispanic origin people. As with education and politics struggles with economics also faced most Puerto Ricans. They struggled for fair yield and equal opportunities just as all Latinos did. Today that struggle has become less but still lingers in areas where there is still racism and discrimination. Very similar to Mexican Americans, religion remains a very strong factor in the family and culture of Puerto Ricans.Again most churches proceed separate mass for Spanish speaking parishioners, making it easier for Puerto Ricans to rehearse their faith. As with their religion, family remains quite strong in the lives of Puerto Ricans. They have strong ties to not only immediate family in the US but family living in Puerto Rico as well. The fact that all Puerto Ricans are US citizens makes family all that more important. As with Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans main language is Spanish. Similar to Mexican Americans politically Cubans are under-represented in US politics. intimately are just so happy to get out of the authoritarianism they lived in Cuba they would rather not get caught up in politics at all. The strides they have made politically have helped to advance them socially, economically and in their education. Out of the Hispanic origins Cubans are the second highest only be beat by other Hispanics for High school completion. According to Jason Cato (2003), In rising to dominate the centers of power in Miami, Cuban-Americans have reversed the conventional cycles of assimilation and acculturation. Seeking freedom from the oppression of Cuba has not removed the strong ties they have to their homeland. These ties have caused Cuban Americans to adapt parts of the US culture to their own. Striving for conventional culture is not a focus. Religiously, Cuban Americans like both Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans are devout to their religion as it is a very strong factor in their family and culture. Again most churches conduct separate mass for Spanish speaking parishioners, making it easier for Cubans to practice their faith.As with their religion, family remains quite strong in the lives of Cubans. Family is their way of holding on to cultures and traditions from Cuba. As with Mexican American, Puerto Rican and Cuban, Columbians also speak Spanish as their header language. Columbian Americans are a very poor. around migrated to the US to fly the coop war and poverty seen within Columbia. They are often looking for work so that they can send money to their family still living in Columbia. Columbians rarely get involved in politics as they are very focused on family and making money.Work related fundamental interaction is the limit, except for other Columbians, of their social standing in the US. As with politics Columbians have very little interest in US culture. Most are here to work to send money home. With work organism their main objective while in the US, they do not have time for anything else. They live on very little money and shin to send as much over to Columbia as possible. Their wages are very low and they work long and mostly very hard hours just to get by. Similar to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans, Columbians are very strong in their religion.They have an opportunity to go to mass that is conducted in Spanish as well as practice their religion on their own. Family is so very important in a Columbian Americans life. Everything they do is to better their familys life. They have deep ties to family not only in the US but in Columbia as well. This helps them to keep their culture and heritage as stron g today as it was yesterday. Everything in their culture revolves around their religion and family. When comparing contrary Hispanic groups, the commonalities out way the differences in almost every scenario.The Similarities range from language, religion, and family to the reasons they came to the US. They also all address deeply and have very strong ties to their homeland and continue to focus on that rich heritage. The differences are few but stem more from social status and the want to be part of the mainstream. Politics, economic and social standings all differ for each group. This is largely due to assimilation and the different level of strides that have been made over time. The groups that have had more victor politically have had the opportunity to advance socially and economically.These three feature in any order lead to an opportunity of the other. The strides and struggles that these four Hispanic groups have made has cleared a path for other Hispanic origin groups to make the same journey. References Alba, R. (2006). Mexican Americans and the American Dream. Political recognition & Politics. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from www. apsanet. org/imgtest/PerspectivesJun06Alba. pdf Bernstein, R. & Bergman, M. (2005). Young, diverse, urban. United States Department of Commerce News. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http//www. census. gov/PressRelease/www/2003/cb03-100. html Cruz, J. (2003).Puerto Rican politics in the United States. Centro Journal. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http//redalyc. uaemex. mx/redalyc/pdf/377/37715101. pdf. Cato, J. (2004). Becoming American in Miami reconsidering immigration, race and ethnic relations. Center for Latin American Studies. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from socrates. berkeley. edu7001/Events/fall2003/11-20-03-stepick/index. html Mendoza, V. , Chicano History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. (2000). , The Journal for multimedia system History. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from www. albany. edu/jmmh/vol3/chican o/chicano. html.

49 Simple Things You Can Do to Save the Earth Essay

Some of them, with their complicated eonrs and instant start-up features, constantly consume microscopical amounts of electricity. (Even the TV? my married woman asks. Good thinking, I give tongue to her.)3. reprint YOUR GARBAGE.At our abode we halt separate garbage advises for glass, paper, plastic, aluminum, wood, organic matter, pictorial fabrics, synthetic fabrics, and rubber. (We split the workmy married woman does the separating, I drop every topic impinge on at the recycling center.)4. USE LESS WATER.We have twain bricks in our toilet tank. unless theres a much simpler elbow room to save water Dont flush every m (Dont accede the sports section in there with you is my married womans tip. A sense of humor isso important.)5. DONT cut stunned THE LAWN.Let it grow. Naturally. Like a meadow. (Like a dump jokes my wife.) fulfil morePerseverance essay6. DONT SHAVE AS OFTEN.I shave once a week. (If its broad(a) liberal for Don Johnson, I quip. That was pass years ago, my wife informs me.)7. DRIVE SLOWER.I try to maintain a nice, steady 40 miles per hour, the legal negligible on most highways. Also, I roll up the windows. It reduces wind resistor and noise. (You chiffoniert hear those horns? my wife asks, incredulous.)8. SHOP WITH A RE-USABLE obtain BAG.And, if you can, walk to the store. (Itll do wonders for your figure, I mention casually to the missus.)9. BOYCOTTboycott polluters, or for each peerlessone who sells any product that can cause pollution, or any product that might contain an ingredient that can cause pollution. (What does that diverge? my wife asks. Just the good stuff, I reply.)10. DO YOUR washing BY HAND.It may be drudgery of the lowest order to have to hand-launder your clothes and hang them on a clothesline, exactly it saves water and energy. (pennywhistle while you work, I kid my wife. Hitler is a jerk, she continues. Id for pound that verse)11. TURN DOWN THE HEAT.Especially the water heater. (They take insen sate showers in Sweden, I like to hint. Go to Swedenmy wife.)12. TAKE FEWER SHOWERS.But fathert share them, even if its been t give awayed, albeit humorously, in early(a) x-number-of-simple- occasions-you-can-do-to-save-the-earth books. Why? It uses more water. Figure it out for yourself. Better would be to take a bath in recycled bath water. Best An occasional purify bath. (No, Im non kidding, I tell the wife.)13. REPLACE coat DOORKNOBS.During the winter, when its very dry, touch a metal doorknob and you get a little shock from the static electricity. Thats wasted electricity, I figure. Weve replaced all our metal doorknobs with ones made of non-conducting rubber, wood or glass. (Youve got a alternate of tail loose, my wife points out. And shes right)14. GO SOLAR.For a small investiture of about ten thousand dollars you can convert your house to solar energy. Itll pay for itself in xx years, I estimate. (What next? my wife wonders, as we all do.)15. MOUNT A WINDMILL ON YOUR ROOF.Its gaudyabout eight hundred dollarsand easy to install. (A little more to the right, I yell up to her.)16. MAKE YOUR OWN HONEY.In improver to producing delicious honey, our beehive is a real conversation starter. (We have to talk, my wife says. See?)17. WORK AT HOME.Recently, I quit my job of twenty years to become a full-time writer. I write at home, on a computer. Im not using up any gasoline or motor oil, Im not wearing out any clothing or shoes. To put it exclusively Im not a drain on the environment. (You dont move, my wife observes, exaggerating slightly.)18. BOARD UP THE WINDOWS.Windows are nice, moreover they any let in too much heat, or let out too much, or vice versa. (This is better than mini-blinds I shout to the wife, who can barely hear me over her own hammering.) 19. GET unloosen OF THE TELEPHONE. bring forward you cant live without a telephone? Think again. Weve done fine. (Who would call us? my wife rationalizes.)20. GET RID OF THE BED. many another(pre nominal) leading chiropractors say that sleeping on the floor, with no mattress or cushion, is the outdo way to sleep. (We certainly havent needed a kip down much lately, my wife confides to a mutual friend.)21. GET OUT AND ORGANIZE.At my wifes suggestion, I got out of the house and into the communityto organize. outright I work with a diverse group of community activists and we trifle four times a weekat our house. (Whoare these people? my wife asks. They are the people, I tell her proudly.)22. BAN ALL CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS.Not secure spray cans, scarce the refrigerator and the air conditioner. Get release of them We at present have ice delivered to our house every day. (Youre crazy my wife shouts from the kitchen. So was Van Gogh I shout back.)23. TREAT WOUNDS NATURALLY.If youre injured, cut on the head, above the eyebrowfrom a sharp piece of ice, lets saytreat it naturally. Salt and lemon succus is the combination my wife favors. (I want a divorce, she says, pouring sodium chloride on my wound. Ouch I say.)24. KNOW THE LAW.And whop a good lawyer. (My wife does.)25. WHEN YOU MOVE, BE A GOOD NEIGHBOR.Having recently relocated to a littler environmentan apartmentI can empathize with anyone who has had to go by dint of a moving experience as I call it. Remember, along with a new habitat come new co-inhabitants. Get to k straight off them. They are your neighbors and, as simplistic as this sounds, they are the keys to your survival. (When I exempt this simplistic theory to one of my new neighbors, shes fascinated. Maybe the beard works)26. CARPOOL.At my new part-time job I carpool with a couple of the ladies from the office. Were saving gas, money, and were getting to know each other better. (He used to have a fear of intimacy, my wife tells the judge. On the advice of Barry, my lawyer, I can say nobody.)27. MAKE LOVE, NOT WAR.I know, I know. But, if I could just use one earth-saving tip to gravel your attention to the beautiful and cosmic experience of making love with a truly giving and understanding sexual partner. (Takethat, you lying, blood-sucking witch)28. SHARE YOUR SHOWERS.Ive done a complete one-eighty on this one. Use a kitchen timer. (Or snarls Bolero)29. WOMENOr should I say, women judges (This just in She gets the car, the houseeverything except the profits from this book, Dear Reader.)30. YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE.When somebody (especially someone much younger and less experienced than yourself that you only met two weeks ago) tells you that one person cant make a disputethat no matter how much shouting and yelling and whining and complaining one person does nothing will change, that youre too old to be acting that way, that you should settle down and focus on one thing and do that wellwhen someone lays that trip on you, its time to split. (I can make a difference I tell her, gathering my things.)31. BUNDLE AND reprocess NEWSPAPERS.Sorry, I lost sight of what were trying to do here, which is save the earth. Ta ke all your old newspapers, bunch up them together, and bring them to a recycling center. Theyll give you a few bucks, which is nothing to sneeze at. (What happened?)32. BUY A RECYCLED CAR.There are some good deals in used carsif you take the time to look. (I didnt, and boy am I sorry.)33. DONT LITTER THE HIGHWAYS.Be considerate. There are laws, but theyre rarely enforced. (Except in my case, of course. I told the officer I wasnt living in my carit had broken down, I was tiredbut A $100 fine for vagrancy, a night in jail, a towing charge of $75, and a ticketIm getting rid of this damn car)34. KEEP FIGHTING.Thats right. No matter how speculative it gets, the fight to save the earth will go on, with or without you. (Right now its without. Im back to my old habits againsmoking, drinking, and wall hanging out with a bunch of losers. One of them is a real nut, calls himself The Master.)35. gift OLD CLOTHING.There are people out there who can get some good use out of your old moth-ea ten sweater or sports jacket or worn-out pair of shoes. (Im a 41 short.)36. FOLLOW THE MASTER.The Master has forged an alliance with the humans spirit that allows him to speak directly and simultaneously to every living thing on this planet. (Follow The Master.)37. THINK FOR YOURSELF.Take it from someone who, after having his self-esteem obliterated by a persuasive con man and his gang of sycophants, get away on footwith nothing to eat for nine days but wild berries and mushroomsand lived to talk about it (You might have seen the story in the papersDAZED FOLLOWER OF DIZZY GURU FOUND ON state highway)38. HI, HOW ARE YOU?I knew it was her before I picked up the phone. (The cobwebs that covered the receiving system were now sticking to my face. Fine, I said.)39. DONT BE FOOLED.A wise consumer is a protected consumer. (I told my ex this when we got together for some Irish coffee at the mini-mall, near the old house. She ended up merchandising that barn forget this$650,000 Honey, it seems like old times I whooped.)40. RECYCLE REVIVE RERUNExcuse my exuberance, but something is finally happening out theresomething positive, something good. People are separating their garbage. Theyre using biodegradable, ecologically safe, reusable and reusable materials. Everything old is new again (When my ex-wife and I decided to re-marry, I suggested a Save the Earth clause be added to our pre-nuptial agreement. We have to talk, she said, cover great interest at the time.)41. MOVE TO THE COUNTRY.Inherit the land again. Thats what we did. Bought forty-three acres in Upstate New York. Its a working farm, where my wife can go out to the barn and draw the cows, pick out the freshest eggs and knit our clothes from the wool she snip from our very own sheep. (And I can finish this book)

Collectivism, New Right Essay

Collectivism focuses on the governments responsibility of providing health and social care services to society which is funded by taxation and content Insurance. This approach is an example of a political response to meeting the postulate of identified welfare. In all societies there are groups which are more(prenominal) vulnerable than others such as children, the elderly and people with mental or physical impairments.In some societys, their care will be seen as the responsibility of the individual or their families whereas in others it will be seen as the responsibility of larger groups such as the local fraternity or religious groups. Since the Poor Law was passed in 1601, the order has been trustworthy for the care of the vulnerable but there was still no probatory change until the 19th century the birth of the Welfare State occurred after(prenominal) the Second World War. In 1942 the Beveridge Report provided the foundation for the creation of a wide range of welfare se rvices.Lord Beveridges Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services identified five monstrosity evils which are holding back society Want (poverty), Squalor (poor housing), loafing (unemployment), Ignorance (inadequate education) and Disease (ill health). He felt these needed to be addressed desperately by the state. The New Right approach considers the responsibility of the vulnerable to be placed upon the individuals and their families and that the state should only play a minimal economic consumption in their care.This idea was not fully challenged until the election of Margaret Thatchers materialistic government in 1979 as they believed that the state should play as smaller role as possible in welfare provision as it was mainly the responsibility of the individual and their family. The New Right saw state support to be creating a highly dependent society in which independence was dwindling. Mrs Thatcher saw welfare as producing a society which was dependent on benefits rather than a society which was able to take responsibilities for its suffer needs and plan ahead for the future.

Abnormal Psychology- Schizophrenia

insane Psychology Schizophrenia Introduction in that respect are a follow of problems with defining mental ab figureity. They hold problems with cultural relativity and social norms, what is normal within one culture or society may be con posturered abnormal within an new(prenominal). thither are excessively problems with statistics as just ab aside abnormalities puddle too few or too many statistics to equivalence and the statistics may not always be trusty. Under the medical present all psychological disorders are considered illnesses. There are two mixed bag systems to diagnose different disorders.These are the International Classification of Diseases & Health cogitate Problems (ICD) and Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The most up to experience editions currently in use are ICD-10 and DSM-IV although DSM-V is due to be released in May 2013. (Jabr, F (2013)) Schizophrenia According to the World Health disposal (WHO) schizophrenic psychos is is a severe diversity of mental illness. It is a discreetnessable psychological condition that affects 24 million commonwealth worldwide. It principal(prenominal)ly affects 15-35 year olds and is more(prenominal) likely to occur in males but anyone of any age or gender, can develop the condition.It affects thinking, perceptions and language and clears the longanimous to hear voices and to have hallucinations and delusions. Symptoms ICD-10 diagnostic criteria At least one of o Thought echo, thought institution/ secession/broadcast o Passivity, delusional perception o ordinal person auditory hallucination, running commentary o Persistent erratic delusions or two or more of o Persistent hallucinations o Thought disorder o Catatonic demeanor o veto symptoms o Significant behaviour change Duration o more than 1 month Exclusion criteria o Mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder loose outlook disease o Drug intoxication or withdrawal (Wing, J. K. & Agrawal, N. (200 9)) Behavioural Explanations and Therapies The behavioural glide path call forths that schizophrenia is precisely learned behaviour learned through operant conditioning. Sammons (2008) suggests that the reason schizophrenia tends to run in families is due to children learning the behaviour from their parents. Social learning theory as well as suggests that although there may be some symptoms present once a patient is around others with schizophrenia they learn symptoms by seeing others certify them.It is difficult to explain how the hallucinations and delusions suffered by a schizophrenic can be explained as learned behaviour true behaviourists think this is irrelevant as they are provided concerned with the physical behaviours not what is happening in the mind. capital of Minnesota and Lentz (1977) carried out a study into operant conditioning as a treatment for schizophrenia. They set up a token parsimony on a hospital ward where they rewarded patients for appropriate beha viour by giving them tokens that they could exchange for luxury items.It was fix that only 11% of the patients in the test group continued to require drugs for their symptoms compared to 100% of the control group. (AQA, (2010)) This demonstrates that operant conditioning as a treatment is very effective barely behaviourists do not care whether the patient is still hearing voices as long as they behave like they are not. In the Paul and Lentz study the patients may still hear voices but have simply learned that if they behave as though they are not they exit be rewarded. This means that the schizophrenia has not actually been cured. Biological Explanations and TherapiesThere have been a number of studies conducted that suggest there is a biological cause for schizophrenia. Through family resemblance studies it has been discovered that a normal person with no family history of schizophrenia has around a 0. 2-2% find out of growth the condition, whereas a person with one schizophr enic parent has a 13% chance of developing it. The chances increase to 46% if both parents have the condition. (Head, P (2012)) This discipline may not be reliable as it was based on randomness from records and memories and memories can easily be distorted or misinterpreted.The Copenhagen heights risk study looked at children aged 10-18 and classified them into low risk, of developing schizophrenia, and high risk groups. They removed the risk of environmental factors that could distort the vector sums by grouping the children by age, gender, residence and economic status. This made the study exceedingly reliable as it meant the only factor that should affect results was genetics. The study name that only 1. 9% of children in the low risk group true schizophrenia whereas 16. 2% of the high risk children did.This shows alimentation for the genetic news report for schizophrenia. Iverson (1979) carried out post-mortem studies. He found that there are high levels of dopamine in brains of schizophrenics. It is suggested that schizophrenia is caused by high levels of dopamine in the brain or more dopamine receptors in their brains. This is supported by the success of chlorpromazine drugs as a treatment for the condition. There are but problems with this explanation. One problem is that there is no exhibit that excess dopamine causes schizophrenia.It could be that schizophrenia causes excess dopamine. (AQA, 2010) Biological treatments for schizophrenia are anti psychotic drugs and chlorpromazine which blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. These drugs have been proven to institute as they reduce the number of patients spending a long age in hospital however drugs are not a cure. They only control the symptoms if a patient stops pickings these drugs the symptoms will curtly return. This is known as the revolving door syndrome. There can be a number of reasons for this to happen firstly a patient may ave a fear of getting well. The patient may find it d ifficult to cogitate life without schizophrenia or enjoy some divulge of it. another(prenominal) reason is that the patient may stop taking the drugs they are confirming due to side effects. (Fritscher, L (2012)) The side effects of these drugs can include drowsiness, dizziness, disturbed vision, weight gain, blood clots and tremors. (Net doctor (2012)) Patients may feel that the side effects are worse than the original illness and stop taking the prescribed medication which then starts the cycle again. Psychodynamic Explanations and TherapiesThe psychodynamic explanation for schizophrenia is that the self-importance-importance is being over resumen by either the Id or Super self-importance. Freudians would suggest that there has been a problem in childhood, most likely a problem with the mother, the ego doesnt develop as well as it should which means the id can easily take control. (Sammons (2008)) The Ego looses control and the patient will enter a child like state, known as primary narcissism, which causes fantasy to be confused with reality and delusions of self importance which cause the patient to be highly demanding similar to a baby.Hallucinations and delusions are caused by the Ego trying to regain control and reality. There are problems with the psychodynamic glide path firstly there is no scientific evidence to support the explanations. Secondly it has generally been regarded that since anti psychotic drugs work to treat the symptoms that the biological explanation is more reliable. (Sammons (2008)) Freud did not see any arrest in treating schizophrenics as he believed that it had been caused by the broken ego which is the part of the psyche that he would engage with, as this was so badly alter he believed there was no way to cure schizophrenia.More recently the main psychodynamic treatment for schizophrenia has been psychotherapy. Rosen (1946) brought patients into a child like state to be able to then nurture them to redevelop a strong eg o and ultimately rebalance the psyche. There have been problems with this form of treatment as it is out of date and the results that were found by Rosen are less likely to be effective today as the definition of schizophrenia has changed and the cases Rosen treated would not be considered to be schizophrenic today. Also Drake & Sederer (1986) actually found that his form of therapy could worsen symptoms and prolong the patients stay in hospital. Cognitive Explanations and Therapies The cognitive approach agrees with the biological evidence that there is a high genetic office to schizophrenia but realises that there must also be other causes and it is important to take these into account. The cognitive model suggests that although genes can create a disposition to develop schizophrenia it only actually develops as a response to stresses such as trauma or infections.Cognitive psychologists fail to take environmental factors such as family and lifestyle into account. Cognitive psycho logists believe that the unseasonable thought patterns are what cause schizophrenia and not a result of the condition. It is suggested that there is a fault with the way in which schizophrenics process information and that it is difficult for them to filter out irrelevant information. Hemsley (1993) suggested that schizophrenics have problems processing information in their memories and new information coming in. It is also suggested that there is a problem with the functioning of the in built schemas.Hemsley explains that the reason schizophrenics hear voices is because they do not realise that their thoughts come from memories and therefore believe them to be voices. There is however very little evidence to support Hemsleys ideas get out for some research on animals which cannot be directly compared with human behaviour. Frith (1992) suggested that people with schizophrenia find it difficult to distinguish whether the information is coming from an natural or external source. He believed that most of the symptoms of schizophrenia can be explained by problems in three different cognitive processes.The first is the unfitness to generate willed action. The second is the inability to proctor willed action, and the third is the inability to monitor the beliefs and intentions of others. Frith suggests that these problems come from faulty wiring in the brain. There is evidence to support this from his study where he gave specific tasks to schizophrenics and monitored the cerebral blood flow. He found that this was different to what he would expect to see in a person without schizophrenia. The cognitive explanation of schizophrenia is very popular in term of helping ordinary eople understand the condition. It is also made more reliable by the fact that they take into account other factors such as genetics as well as psychological factors. The cognitive approach also has limitations as although it does well to explain the symptoms of schizophrenia it cannot explai n the causes only when without looking at the biological model. PAGE 13-14 Conclusions In conclusion there are a wide range of explanations for schizophrenia including genetics, environment and traumatic experiences. There are also a wide range of treatments including drugs, psycho therapy and behavioural therapy.All of these explanations and therapies have credit on their own but also have limitations. The best way to treat schizophrenia is through a combination of treatments such as drugs used with cognitive-behavioural therapy. Most people with schizophrenia are managed through treatments however many people will relapse. This would then trigger a new round of treatments. Continued support compensate after recovery helps to reduce the chances of relapse. (NHS choices (2012)) References o AQA, (2010) schizophrenia Explanations and treatments online purchasable from www. aqabpsychology. co. k/2010/07/schizophrenia-explanations-and-treatments accessed 5. 2. 2013 o Fritscher, L (2 012) Revolving Door Syndrome online available from http//phobias. about. com/od/glossary/g/Revolving-Door-Syndrome. htm accessed 11. 2. 2013 o Head, P (2012) Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia online available from http//www. springwood. norfolk. sch. uk/Downloads/Psychology/biological%20EXPLANATIONS%20OF%20SCHIZOPHRENIA. pdf Accessed 6. 2. 2013 o Jabr, F (2013) The Newest Edition of Psychiatrys Bible, the DSM-5, Is Complete Online available from http//www. scientificamerican. om/article. cfm? id=dsm-5-update Accessed on 11. 2. 2013 o Net Doctor (2012) Chlorpromazine Side effectuate online available from http//www. netdoctor. co. uk/brain-and-nervous-system/medicines/chlorpromazine. html. Accessed 11. 2. 2013 o NHS Choices (2012) Schizophrenia Living with online available from http//www. nhs. uk/Conditions/Schizophrenia/Pages/living-with. aspx accessed 6. 2. 2013 o Sammons (2008) Schizophrenia online available from http//www. psychlotron. org. uk/resources/abnormal/A2_AQB_a bnormal_schizophreniaPsyBehActivity. pdf accessed 5. 2. 2013 Wing, J. K & Agrawal, N. (2009) Concepts of Schizophrenia online Available from (http//www. health. am/psy/more/icd-10-and-dsm-iv-concepts-of-schizophrenia/ accessed 2. 2. 2013 Bibliography o Mcleod, S. (2008) Abnormal Psychology online available from www. simplypsychology. org/abnormal-psychology. html accessed 5. 2. 2013 o WHO (2012) Mental Health Schizophrenia online available from www. who. int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en/ accessed 5. 2. 2013 http//alevelpsychologynotes. blogspot. co. uk/2007/10/schizophrenia. html by TAZMANIAN_DEVIL a 2007

Informed consent is a process

Informed bear is a crop by which the mendelevium obtains authorization from the enduring to undergo a particular(prenominal) medical intervention, after explaining the details, its benefits and the risks, and existence of any available alternative, in a manner which the patient comprehends the best. It hindquarters be oral or written, and can be implied (situation arises in which a combine has to be given) or explicit (consent which is specifically mentioned). A physician has to obtain sweared consent beforehand performing any procedure.A procedure carried out without the patients knowledge, or any deviation in the intervention carried out, without informing the patient amounts to battery (a tort of causing harm deliberately). However, there are certain(a) circumstance under which informed consent need not or cannot be obtained, including human race health situations, medical emergencies, incompetence of the patient, therapeutic permit or a voluntary relinquishment from the patient.In a public health urgency, consent form the individual is not mandatory as a clash between the patients rights and the public rights would settlement in the rights of the public prevailing (as more number or mountain would be affected). In such emergencies, it may be required to turn to or quarantine people, some ms against their will.During a medical need, consent is usually not required, because in such situations the patient is unable to give one. Obtaining consent may in fact take a lot of time and may delay life-saving procedures. Studies have shown that consent obtained from patients requiring emergency care very much lead to development of fear. Some people entangle that in such situations they were more often left without any choice. early(a) studies have shown that physicians are more likely to do something beneficially for the patient, in such situations.A physician need not obtain consent from a patient, if he perceives that he/she is incompetent to make a decision about their good health. Treatment provided in such situations would be deemed as in the best interests of the patient. In some cases, the patient may have a condition that affects his/her thinking abilities. However, if the physician feels that the patients condition is not going affect his/her decision-making abut health past it would always be better to obtain prior consent.Therapeutic prefer is a condition in which the physician need not inform the patient about certain issues in an effort to prevent nurture harm to the patient. A physician need not inform the patient if he/she feels that it can cause unnecessary mental tensions. However, this benefit is often misused by physicians.Some patients may voluntarily give up their rights to give consent, and instead allow the physician to perform the necessary procedures. In such situations, informed consent is usually not necessary.Consent is usually not needed for routine or minor interventions, as the physici an may feel that it is usually implied, considering the fact that the patient has come beforehand seeking medical care. However, for interventions in which the risks are significantly higher, consent is mandatory.ReferencesAkkada, Andrea, Jacksona, Clare, Kenyona, Sara, Dixon-Woodsb, Mary, Taubb, ding , & Habibaa, Marwan (2004). Informed consent for elective and emergency surgery questionnaire study. BJOG An International diary of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111(100), 1133.Fox, B. A. (2001). The problem of informed consent in emergency medicine research. Emergency Medicine Journal, 18, 198-204http//emj.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/18/3/198

Discrimination in Of Mice and Men

When John Steinbeck was attending Stanford, he took quantify off to go organise on a ranch at Salinas Valley. This Is w here(predicate) he encountered the models for many of his characters for his stories. peerless of them Included one of his most popular and touching novellas, Of Mice and Men. With this book, he assay to show the hardships of the discriminated. During the period of the Great natural imprint, many Individuals were forced Into poverty and extraneous from their families. Many began to flee to the West In search of work. However, when they reached their destination, they were not reli able-bodied kindly.In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck thoroughly depicts, by the presence of many discriminated and oppressed individuals, that animateness in this time period was beyond arduous for most hoi polloi because of the Great Depression and the way others perceived them. The Great Depression was an sparing downturn coming ahead World War II. The impressi on occurred at deferent times in different countries, solely in the coupled States, it happened during the asses. Historians blame the crash of the US stock market, on October 29, 1989, for Igniting the Great Depression. Then, the depression quickly expanded across the world.The Great Depression not solely affected the poor, but the rich as well. In patterrial production, foreign trade, and sweeping prices diminished. The loss of money from these happenings developed a state of unemployment, caused foreclosures and homes to be lose, families to separate, and uttermost(prenominal) deflation. Unemployment rates soared through the roof. In the US, twenty- five percent of the population was break through of work. Even in many countries, the rates were as high as thirty- three percent (Candling). Hope still lingered in the air for some and the Great Depression was later used as an example as to how bad the economy could get.Rural regions suffered the most when crop prices fell drast ically. The huge drought, which occurred during the asses, contributed to this. In many plains, dust was everywhere. It was so that It was Impossible to keep a syndicate clean and chickens would sleep earlier than usual because the darkness caused by the dust storms made them think it was night. More and more storms began to hit and many farmers lose their good farmland to the high winds. By 1934, almost 100 gazillion acres of farmland were completely destroyed (Candling).Many economies began to rejuvenate in the mid- asses, but in many other nations, the detrimental impact of the Great Depression lasted until the end of World War II. This tragedy was one of the most widespread, long-lasting, and deepest depression of this era. The effects of the Great Depression disturbed every race of large number in America. However, African Americans were always most affected. Most African Americans were divulge of work and whites demanded that they be fired If a white person was unemployed . racial violence became common and lynching Increased (Sutra).In Steinbeck novella, Crooks is a stable dart on the Salinas Valley ranch. During this He was separated from the rest of the white farmhands on the ranch. Crooks states, l anti wanted in the bunkhouse, and you anti wanted in my room (Steinbeck 68). This shows how African Americans were treated like animals and isolated from others because of discrimination. After be neglected, Crooks proclaims, If I say something, why its Just a n****** axiom it (Steinbeck 70). Crooks has accustomed to the inequality he receives from others and turns on himself, saying negative things.However, on a brighter note, no one would hold him responsible for anything because his words dont soaked nothing and are ignored. The germ show how African Americans lives were hard because of racism. Steinbeck shows the hardships of a disabled man during this period of time in his novella Of Mice and Men. star would think they received special brin g off but the worst time period a disabled person could live through is the asses. Others didnt care for them because chances were that they already had someone to take care of, whether it was themselves or a family (Barrett). They were maltreated and people would blame them for their problems.Some mentally handicapped people were institutionalized. The government gave shortsighted to no protection for the disabled (Philosophy). This is similar to how a character in the story is treated. Leonie Smalls is Georges friend and they are both traveling to the West in search of work, because they had to flee their hometown in the result of Liens incident with petting a girls mouse dress (he likes soft things). Leonie says, George says I goat uphold here an not get in no trouble (Steinbeck 68). In this moment, George demanded Leonie stay at the ranch while they go out to the whorehouse.To George Milton and other workers, he is seen as a dim- wit that can only work. Leonie should be able to have some fun too. If he finds out what a risky Starr you are, we wont get no Job, but if he sees yah work before he hears yah talk, were set (Steinbeck 6). There is no doubt Leonie is a grand worker, but perhaps George is a little too hard on him. At their arrival at the ranch, the boss gets suspicious because George does all the talking. Leonie says quartet words and George throws a tirade at him for doing so. Even though sexism was near forever, this type of discrimination was most evident during the asses.The typical women had an employed husband, and if they lost their job, they usually had enough resources to survive (Ware). Steinbeck depicts that with Of Mice and Men. Curlers wife is a victim of wickedness because of her gender. She is the wife of the bosss son, Curler. They live with no worries, but Curlers wifes actions are constricted and she has modified rights, like every other female in America at the time. She is the only woman on the ranch and is unnamed by t he author which shows her unimportance which shows sexism. Dont you even take a look at that b****.I dont care what she says and what she does. I seen me poison calling Curlers wife a derogatory term for a woman, which is sexist. George, and very other farmhand on the ranch, thinks she is flirty and has an nerve center for all the men on the ranch. Wont you tell her to stay the fossa home, where she belongs? (Steinbeck 90). During this time, it was often that women stayed home with kids and chores to do around the house, while men would go out and work, wherever it was (Ware). Here Candy implies that the ranch is no dedicate for a flirtatious woman like Curlers wife, which is a sexist stereotype.

Pregnancy and Briefly Informs Jessica Essay

Jessica is a 30-year-old immigrant from Mexico City. She and her husband Marco abide been in the U.S. for the last 3 years and have finally bring in enough money to move out of their Aunt Marias home and into an apartment of their own. They ar both hard workers. Jessica works 50 hours a week at a local restaurant, and Marco has been contracting side jobs in construction. Six months before their move to an apartment, Jessica finds out she is pregnant. Four months later, Jessica and Marco baffle at the county hospital, a large, public, nonteaching hospital. A preliminary ultrasound indicates a realistic abnormality with the fetus. Further scans are conducted and it is determined that the fetus has a high-flown condition in which it has non developed any arms, and will not likely develop them.There is also a 25% get that the fetus may have Down syndrome. Dr. Wilson, the primary attending medical student is seeing Jessica for the first time, since she and Marco did not receive earlier prenatal conduct over concerns about finances. Marco insists that Dr. Wilson refrain from telling Jessica the scan results, assuring him that he will tell his wife himself when she is emotionally ready for the news. While Marco and Dr. Wilson are talking in another room, Aunt Maria walks into the room with a distressed look on her face. She can tell that something is wrong and inquires of Dr. Wilson. subsequently hearing of the diagnosis, she walks out of the room wailing loudly and praying out loud. Marco and Dr.Wilson lodge their discussion, and Dr. Wilson insists that he has an obligation to Jessica as his patient and that she has a right to admit the diagnosis of the fetus. He furthermore is intent on discussing all applicable factors and options regarding the next step, including abortion. Marco insists on taking some time to think of how to cleave the news to Jessica, unless Dr. Wilson, frustrated with the direction of the conversation, informs the husband that such a choice is not his to make. Dr. Wilson proceeds back across the hall, where he walks in on Aunt Maria awkwardly praying with Jessica and phoning the priest. At that point, Dr. Wilson gently but briefly informs Jessica of the diagnosis, and lays out the option for abortion as a trusty medical alternative, given the quality of life such a minor would have. Jessica looks at him and struggles to hold back her tears.

Mice & Men Essay

In chapter 3, the setting, the bunkhouse atomic number 50 be discriminaten to constitute that people sole(prenominal) see what is obvious to them. Steinbeck shows this through symbolism in the bunkhouse. Although there was level brightness showing through the windows of the bunkhouse, inside it was dusk Instantly the prorogue was brilliant with light, and the cone of the shade threw its brightness straight muckleward, leaving the corners of the bunkhouse mollify in dusk. The brightness down the centre of the bunkhouse shows our assumptions ab let out something, as we enunciate things solely for what we see and know.This happens at least once during the text and mountain be seen through the immediate judgement of Curleys wife as comes alone to the bunkhouse. George seems to know exactly where the trouble is going to originate, and this is shown when George cautions Lennie not to splatter to Curleys wife. George immediately judges Curleys wife from previous manducate from C andy, her appearance and her behaviour before he has a chance to mystify to know her. His assumption led the audience to believe that she is simply sightly a tart, and nothing more.The dark and gloomy corners on the other raft are a representation of the secrets and not so obvious things in life. This terminate be seen at the end of the text when we find out the real reasoning as to why Curleys wife behaves the modal value she does, which is due to her lack of attention from Curley, not just because she is a floozy. The telephone line of dark and light builds anticipation in the audience as the vox populi of doubt seems to lurk permanently in the background. Others may interpret the bunkhouse to symbolise cruel world of reality.The dark corners of the bunkhouse suggest fancys and ambitions as in the dark, as we cannot see the problems in which lie ahead. It is only in the light which can be seen down the centre of the bunkhouse that we can see reality and only of the barrie rs in which will prevent us from achieving these ambitions. Steinbeck shows this when all ambitions of the ranch workers neer go to plan. In the light down the centre of the Bunkhouse It appears to be a world in which fate often plays a hand, and the characters are oftentimes defenceless and watch their dreams turn to dust.Lennies pup symbolises dreams, joy and the kind between George and Lennie. A puppy is so fun to play with. You can spend time with it a puppy can listen to all of your problems, is a great friend and you could never stay mad when you see one however they are dependent on its owner for its well creation. This is resembling the relationship between George and Lennie. Lennie is reliant on George to keep him well and well and out of trouble just like the puppy would be reliant on Lennie when it grows older.George and Lennie are also have a close relationship, where they division their problems and although they George may get frustrated with George at times he is evermore quick to forgive him. The puppy brings joy to Lennie and George because George said if Lennie didnt appal the puppy then he could tend the rabbits, when they get their own farm. The dream farm symbolises the tie between them and keeps them working, even when times are heavy it is, and is ultimately, their version of heaven.So when Lennie kills a kills the puppy later on in the Chapter 5, it is obvious to the audience that their chances of going there are forever ruined. In contrast to this it may lead some to believe that the puppy is and then a symbolism of the fate of the weak in the strong and foreshadows doom, shown especially when Lennie brings the puppy in to the house and away from the its nest. He reached down and picked the tiny puppy from where Lennie had been concealing it against him.Concealing means to prevent something from being seen or known about. Many things are concealed during the story much(prenominal) as the petting and death of the mice, the incident in weed, the death of the puppy and briefly the death of Curleys wife. We learn about the incident in weed in chapter 3 so it automatically foreshadows a damn future of the puppy, given our knowledge about the mice. Our suspicions are confirmed During Chapter 5 when Lennie kills the puppy accidentally due to the fact that he still does not recognize his own strength.Although no other character can condition Lennies physical strength, Lennie finds himself in a similar situation as the innocent animal, as Lennie is unaware of the vicious, predatory powers that surround him. This doom was foreshadowed by the puppy. The sequence of events of the puppy gives a cast contrast of scenes full of take to (when the puppy is first given to Lennie), in comparison to scenes of disappointment (when the puppy dies) increases the readers apprehension as they are continuously on the edge wondering what he will do next.

Introduction To Enrollment System Essay

INTRODUCTION adjustment scheme is unity of the most significant and evident, not unless in a university, but also in lower takes of education. An accurate and efficient enrolment records helps to ensure a right impression of the institution on possible enrollees encouraging them to matriculate in the institution. The purpose of an readjustment go is to stick out a means for staffs and the force to write dismantle data that be essential to adjustment. As the enrollees emergence every year, the enrollment procedures become harder and harder to deal. The amount of entropy that needs to be jot down also increases. This completely serves to slower process and disorderliness among the staffs and faculty.Also, unexpected problems such as loss of entropy may occur. A manual process of enrollment governance takes more time and sweat and causes delays of transaction. The un strategyatic procedure of school during enrollment is now dreaded by them. Instead student enrolle es have to stand and wait of finishing it in an hour or two, sometimes students are made to come derriere the next day or even after a cal leftoverar week so that they can be officially enrolled. The process would also be weight for those students and parents who would line-up for hours just to get enrolled and paid. This problem forget be eliminated in this proposed organization.The idea behind an enrollment schema is not a tonic concept. As enrollees increase every year, enrollment procedures become harder to deal. This forget only serve to increase the problem facing enrollment that provides more easily way in enrolling. It testament help their institution to have other system that bequeath up course enrollment processes so as to consider the quality that their institutions are trying to meet. Technology has been a part of our casual lives. Billions of people are using computer and we need to be alive(predicate) of all the things around us to respond properly. Today , the use of technology has been an utile ray on improving such kind of enrollment system. weigh more how to write an introductionEnrolment system using local surface area net wrench will provide the needs in storing information in a faster, more convenient way of storing files of the enrollees in a computer system. It will lessen the effort of faculty and staff in storing files of individually pupil every now and then. This will also serve as informationespecially for the new enrollees, transferee, and teacher in able to get entre in subject, and pupils. This information here can be viewed just a second without worrying that a single file is lost.STATEMENT OF THE taxThe burden of section states that the questions the researchers used in proposed canvass, the enrollment system of Lasam West,Central nurtureSpecifically, it seeks to answer the following questions1. How is the enrollment process in the institution?2. What are the problems encountered by the assigned staff on the current enrollment process?3. What should be done to solve the problems encountered by the staff?4. What is the undercover work of the end users of the Computerized Enrollment System in terms ofa. Usability?b. Design?c. User love?d. hallucination intervention?e. Reliability? andf. Acceptability?5. What is the overall performance take aim of the system as perceived by the respondents?OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe main objective lens of this study is to design and to develop a Computerized System for the enrollment of the pupils in the School. Specifically, it aims to1. Determine the procedures of enrolment process by the faculty and staff and their advisers of the School. 2. set the problems encountered by the teachers, advisers, and pupils in relation to the present procedures of enrollment. 3. Find out and provide solution to the problems encountered by the pupils, the teachers and advisers in relation to enrolment 4. Determine the perception of the end users of the enroll ment system in terms of itsa. Usabilityb. Designc. Error handlinge. Reliabilityf. Acceptability5. Verify the overall performance level of the system as perceived by the respondentsa. Usabilityb. Designc. Error handlinge. Reliabilityf. AcceptabilitySIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe main output of this study will be beneficial to the following stakeholders The Institution. The Computerized Enrollment System will eventually raise the quality of services offered by the School.The Faculty and Staff. The system will lessen the repetitive, time-consuming enrollment records monitoring tasks of the faculty of the School. The system provides posting the names and level of pupils and automatically generates individual pupils information, list of subjects, straighten out pupils in their grade level.The Registrar. The system will ultimately lessen the burden of the registrar in issuing enrolment form for retrieving and storing data purposes.The Advisers. Since the system provides list of pupils with deficiencies, this will help the advisers to identify pupils needing assistance and counseling. The Pupils. The development of the Computerized Enrollment System will make the enrollment process faster than the customary method of process and will consequently lessen enrollment time. The electronic database created with the system will eventually lessen the time. The Researcher. This study will modify the researcher to be more familiar in terms of the enrollment process of pupils particularly the transferees. Also, this will aid the developer to have more skill in computer programming and to have a supplementary sweetener in his skills inanalyzing and organizing information. The Future Researchers. The study will serve as a ready reference for other researchers who may wish to bear on a similar system.SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDYThis study is centre on the design and development of a Computerized Enrollment System of each pupils enrolled at Lasam West Central School, Ca batacan East, Lasam Cagayan. The time they are admitted until they finished the grade school enrolled.1. The proposed system is designed to accept personal information of the enrollee which includes heathenish affiliation and feeder school. 2. The system generates reports such as individual enrollment sheets of pupils, like distribution of pupils by address, age profile, minority group profile, sex profile, and enrollment data. 3. The system is designed in a local area network which will facilitate in providing an electronic database for the storage of enrollment obtained by pupils every year which will serve as earth for monitoring their enrollment information and classifying them into grade levels. 4. Servers will be managed by the assigned member of the faculty of each institute to the information of the enrollee. They will be the ones who will manage all the records of each student may it be a newcomers or transferees.5. A full championship internally backs up the entire dat abase, which includes part of the transaction log, so that the entire database will be recovered to the point in time at which the backup will be completed. Its very important to analyze and understand the amount of free space required for full backups on the server. During a full backup, the backup operation basically copies only the data that is available in the database to the backup file. The free or refreshed space which was available in the database is completely discarded.The proposed automated enrollment system was purely for enrollment only. It doesnt support any grading system. separately of the information is stored at the server where the proposed system will be LAN-Based. The system is not designed to generate ID because of the contract between the school and the lensman regarding the schools IDs.This study is limited only on the information provided by the Lasam West, Central School.DEFINITION OF TERMSComputerit is the primary tool where the system will be installed. Network. It is a group of computers and other devices that are connected and share resources Performance. It is the capability or ability of a system to work along the developments. Security. The ability to prevent unauthorized access whether accidental or deliberate to programs or data. Server. This refers to the main terminal in a network. It handles and manages the operations in a network. Software. It refers to the program for a computer to workSystem. It refers to any collection of component elements for the network to perform a task Usability. This refers to one of the indicators of software performance which focuses on the functionality of the system and can be used by specific user to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, expertness and satisfaction in a specified context of use. User friendliness. This refers to one of the indicators of software performance which focuses on the functionality and usability of the system. Accuracy. The provision of right or concord r esults or effects Design. This refers to the process of planning and problem-solving for a software solution. Error-handling. It refers to the anticipation, detection and resolution of programming, application and communication error. Enrollment form- This is a document which lists down the required subjects of the enrollee.

A Strategy To Align Organization And Environment Essay

This paper analyzes the term strategical convulsion exactly means, types of strategic beget, necessities to focus on strategic mate, and or so eventfully how well an organization can align its resources & capabilities with the opportunities that exist in the external milieu so as to achieve peak process in the business. Strategy of Nestle as an example to discuss how far-off it is true that effective strategic run ensures organizations resources & capabilities and what the environment exactly needs from it.Key Words strategical, encounter, Strategy, Resource, Capabilities, Opportunities, Environment, Business Introduction It should be recognized that any strategy or management style is distract just in a particular set of circumstances. strategic jib enables an organization to operate in its particular competitive situation at peak effectiveness. It expresses the degree to which an organization is interconnected its resources and capabilities with the opportunities i n the external environment.The matching takes place finished strategy and it is therefore vital that the company defy the actual resources and capabilities to execute and support the strategy. Meaning of Strategic Fit The contingency theorists argument that performance outcomes ar maximized when a trusty achieves an alignment or fit between a firms external environment, its internal factors and its strategy has been well established in the publications (Burns & Stalker 1967 Lawrence & Lorsch 1967 Keats & Hitt, 1988).Nadler and Tushman (1979) theorized that the greater the total degree of congruence or fit between the various components, the more effective will be the organization, stellar(a) to higher levels of goal attainment, utilization of resources, and adaptation. Need for Strategic Fit Strategic fit is a quest to align the organizations carrying out with the needs of the market. It also involves identification of the opportunities and the action to capitalize on the op portunities. Strategic fit can be utilize actively to evaluate the menstruation strategic situation of a company as well as opportunities such as M&A and divestitures of organizational divisions.Strategic fit is related to the Resource-based view of the firm which suggests that the key to profitability is not only through positioning and industry selection but rather through an internal focus which seeks to utilize the unique characteristics of the companys portfolio of resources and capabilities. Resources s Capabilities A unique combination of resources and capabilities can eventually be authentic into a competitive advantage which the company can profit from. However, it is important to differentiate between resources and capabilities.Resources relate to the inputs to production owned by the company, whereas capabilities clear the accumulation of learning the company possesses. Types of Resources Resources can be classified as tangible resources and impalpable asset resour ces. Tangible Resources The term tangible means adequate of being touched, genuinely or actual, rather than imaginary or visionary, distinct not vague or elusive, having actual physical existence, as real estate or chattels, and therefore capable of being assigned a note value in monetary terms. Financial (Cash, securities) Physical (Location, plant, machinery) are most of the tangible resources Intangible Resources Resources that are not physical in constitution are said to be Intangible resources. Corporate intellectual office (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies), goodwill and brand recognition are all ballpark intangible resources in business point of view. An intangible resource can be classified as either enigmatical or definite depending on the specifics of that resource.A company brand name is considered to be an indefinite resource, as it stays with the company as big as the company continues operations. However, if a company ent ers a legal organisation to operate under another companys patent, with no plans of extending the agreement, it would ready a limited life and would be classified as a definite resource. Technology (Patents, copyrights) Human resources Reputation (Brands) Culture, are some of the intangible resources. CapabilitiesCapabilities are what a firm does, and represents the firms capacity to deploy resources that have been purposely integrated to achieve the desired end state. Capabilities become important when they are combined in unique combinations which create join competencies which have strategic value and can lead to competitive advantage. Capabilities necessary for strategic fit are 1. Coordination 2. Commitment 3. Competence (technology, management and leadership) 4. discourse 5. Creativity 6. Capacity management (allocation of resources)Benefits of Strategic Fit The extent to which the activities of a single organization or of organizations working in partnership concomi tant each other in such a way as to contribute to competitive advantage. The benefits of good strategic fit include live reduction, due to economies of scale, and the transfer of knowledge and skills (technological expertise, managerial know how), use of common brand name. The success of a merger, joint venture, or strategic coalition may be affected by the degree of strategic fit between the organizations involved.Similarly, the strategic fit of one organization with another is very much a factor in decisions about acquisitions, mergers, diversification, or divestment. Types of Strategic Fit 1. Market related fit 2. Operating fit 3. Management fit Market Related Fit Market related fit arises when value chains of different businesses overlap so that the products can be used by same customers, marketed and promoted in similar ways, distributed through common dealers and retailers.

Simple Stimulus Learning

a. Explain the concept of dependance. The American Heritage vocabulary defines habituation in terms of psychology is the decline of a learn result following repeated exposure to the conditi aced remark. That is an action do over and over in response to a specific situation. ane way we learn is by repetition of a specific response across a number of situations (Carducci, 2002). The much we do something the more we cave in learned it. Then when receptive to the stimulus (an agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a response), regardless of situation, then we perform the behavior.Habituation takes place in small children when trying to teach a new concept or in adults with amnesia when needing to learn a lost skill. Schools use habituation for spell out running and new math concepts. On Mondays students are presumptuousness the list of spelling words, then each day the write discover the words five times each, find the definitions of each word, write the wo rds in sentences, and then tested on the spelling of each word on Friday. A person suffering from amnesia that lost the knowledge of brainish can regain the skill through habituation.b. Analyze the factors that affect perceptual acquirement. As with most nurture, positive reinforcement or rewards have vie a factor in how quickly and adequate we learn. Perceptual breeding occurs when there is repeated exposure to a specific stimulus followed by a reward, in the form of praise, monetary, or good feelings. It has been proposed that perceptual learning may occur through a reinforcement process, in which systematically pairing stimuli with reward is sufficient for learning (Franko, 2010).In the spelling test example above the positive reinforcement in learning the spelling words is the grade received on the spelling test. A nonher crucial factor to perceptual learning is that the stimulus is recognizable and the reinforcement is desirable. In the amnesia case above the person knew how to drive at one time, and currently has a drivers license (their reinforcement). They would be more inclined to want to learn to drive again to regain independence and also to utilize the already have license.c. Examine the effects of stimulus exposure. If used correctly stimuli have the intended effect of response and learning. The resembling stimuli will not work the same on everyone, and will not always produce the same response. A good stimulus through with(p) correctly will have a positive effect with the coveted response (Mundy, 2009). Just as a bad stimuli done falsely will have a negative effect with either no response or the opposite desired response (Mundy, 2009).A stimuli that is exposed to too quickly will result in false remembering person replaces what they think they saw (the lost exposure) with an image from memory and comprehend that as what they saw. Schedule of exposure to similar stimuli contributes to the degree of perceptual learning over and above t he amount of exposure in a cast of species and stimuli (Mundy, 2009).

Did the Arabs Injustice Huntington?

Samuel Huntington is the author of the article entitled The Clash of Civilizations? which dissertatees or narrates concepts that explicates founding politics. According to Huntington, international conflicts that concerns politics may be confirm by rational arguments or issues that argon left unresolved. However, Huntington reiterates that these particular conflicts argon founded on underlying issues or matters that naturally lead to political conflicts that is polish.According to Huntington, culture is threatening to divide nations instead of leading the way to support genius and oneness in handling international problems or issues, since culture is the first-string source of irreconcilable differences and conflicts that do non provide opportunities for nations to meet in middle ground. As a flirt withs of re re feeding concrete structures of culture, Huntingon has labeled heptad civilizations being the Confucian, Hindu, Islamic, Japanese, Latin American, Slavic-Orthodox, and westerly. One may nonice that Huntington left off the African populace as one of the identified civilizations.This is because Huntington was unsure well-nigh the state of the African nation, that is, whether it meets the standards and guidelines of development that is attributed to a mindful and responsive civilization. The miscellany of Huntington of the world population into civilizations was primary influenced by prominent spiritual affiliations that are a major identifier of culture. Personally, I would have to agree with Huntington on this matter, since I sincerely entrust that cultural affiliations among individuals are largely influenced by the religious beliefs that they share.Huntington believes that the strong ties of individuals to their culture and devotion which grants them a sense of self or identity as an individual and as a nation, is difficult to draw apart when it comes to promoting rational politics and relations that necessitates the disregard of per sonal worldviews as directed by a civilizations culture. However, Huntingtons organisation of seven civilizations has also been a source of contradicting information that he has presented in his article since the classification of civilizations is complicated and inconsistent.Moreover, Huntington mentioned that differences mingled with people, as supported by his theory of the seven civilizations in the world, do non necessarily beggarly that there will be conflict, and conflict does not necessarily mean that it will lead to rage. However, the gist of Huntingtons article clearly displays how differences, particularly in culture and religion, is the primary cause of conflict and violence almost the world as he studied the Cold War and the succeed world events after it.These contradicting thoughts that Huntington shared in his work, he also contradicted by stating how culture and religion are two important factors in promoting unity. In this case, Huntington mentioned how non-A rab Muslims were able to unite as one despite differences of culture and religion and through shared culture and religion. Upon the establishment of the seven civilizations, Huntington continued to discuss various historical evidences that support his claim. This particular issue led to the news of the politics between the Arabs and the westernmost which raised violent reactions from the former.Huntington wrote that at present time, the major players in world politics are the West and the Arab nation. scorn internal clashes between different factions or minority groups within the Arab nations, Huntington believes that in the end, it will still find a way to reconcile differences among them and be counter-reactive to the West. Although the statements of Huntington caused a stir within the Arab nation, I believe that Huntington was not military press violent, hateful, derogatory, or discriminatory issues against the Arab nation.Huntington magnified his discussion on the issue betw een the Arabs and the West since it is the current international issue or problem the force out struggle between the two civilizations which people often hear in the news. Although majority of Huntingtons arguments were found on theories, I believe that everything he said were reflective of the current situations, straying away from the assumption that he wrote the article to present his prejudiced or biased sentiments against the Arab nation.His article was based on decades of historical evidences that created an obvious pattern relaying motivations of war in the past, which was advertise supported by the 9/11 incident that led to the remnant of the Twin Towers in New York. Huntington was simply observant and articulates enough to present a logical explanation of countless conflicts between nations, which may or may not have some truth to it. Frankly, I believe that major truths are embedded within theories, especially those that lend themselves to conspirative issues.Setting my personal opinions aside, Huntingtons criticisms of other civilization validates the fact that he was not anti-Arab, but simple a man who wanted to illustrate world politics under a cultural context. Huntington bumpd the immorality and hypocrisy of the West, stating how the western civilization has achieved its passingiority over other civilizations due to its mindful incoming to organized violence in order to achieve its goals and objectives. Moreover, Huntington reiterates that the West does not promote universalism but rather act for world domination.Moreover, Huntington believes that Christian views which originated from the West could not have influenced numerous people around the world if Christians had not come into contact with individuals from the East. Huntington then criticized Western Christianity and then continued to criticize Western Europe. According to Huntington, some of the concepts of politics and economics claimed by the Western Civilization, particularly W estern Europe, did not actually originate from it but from non-Western civilizations in other parts of the world.In general, Huntingtons article was a seemingly equilibrise representation of his theories on how international conflicts, then and now, were products of cultural and religious differences. The criticisms he posed were not one-sided, attacking the Middle East or the West, or any other civilization for that matter, solely. In fact, Huntingtons theories were open discussions and arguments most the Arab and Western perspectives. Huntington acknowledged how the West is attempt to portray a super power estate that works to promote unity, solidarity, democracy, diplomacy, peace, and such.This, he identified as the Western perspective. However, Huntington argued that the Wests interests are politically motivated, geared toward staying in power and obtaining control of the majority populations. On one hand, Huntington discussed how the Arab populations are trying to overthrow the influence of the West in their land, moving them to resort to threats and violence toward non-Arab and Western nations. For Huntington, the Arab perspective is just patterned after the us-versus-them mentality.

Case Study Example

There atomic number 18 many intersection categories that could use the Scion marting approach to apply to their businesses. Music industries market sure bands and artists to appeal more towards a younger mature group, computer businesses market upcoming technology to younger audiences, as do phone attach to ices, websites, and home dcord. Choosing a target market is imperative for businesses in effect to focus their advertising to whom they believe they would sell more product to.On the otherwise hand, the tourism industry is merchandising more towards raft who be in the retirement age, and cars like vans and Subs focus more on middle age people who probably open children. Different products should be marketed towards who would be virtually interested, and in a lot of cases, this means businesses must gear their variant products towards varying age groups. LDecoupage buyers might view companies that their parents and grandparents are interested in as not cool or too mainst ream for their own liking.Companies can overcome this, however, by changing their consisting in order to appeal to a newer generation. By creating new advertising campaigns and changing what mannequin of message they requirement their image to convey, companies have the ability to change the views of younger people. Myself, for example, always feeling Subs were for married people with children, but Scion and other comma nines like Toyota have geared commercials to appeal to people my age. Toyota had myself fooled for a long time when they were marketing the Scion, and also thought it was a new brand.People from the newer generation look for products that are going to allow them to show their personality, and not just be other face among the crowd. Scion was smart to use the whole customization aspect of the Scion, especially because people my age and younger are always changing their cars to be what they indirect request them to be, and not be what comes off the lot. If Scion doesnt find a way to suave stay new, I do believe that the allure of having a Scion give eventually wear off.Businesses should always be ware that their target audiences are always changing, and must be on top of what it happening in the world in order to keep their businesses alive and growing. By promoting node communications and knowing what the younger generations want in a product, Scion could by chance still keep their appeal. It is going to be hard, though. Every time I see a Scion I already think that their idea is kind of old.

Diversity Organization worksheet Essay

When you look at the status of wo hands throughout the join States there has been ups and downs. When you look back at the earlier years women were looked at as having a low warning I life versus men having a higher standard. In the nineteenth century time started changing for women they begin to agitate for equal rights. In the 20th century there were a few laws that passed stating that women should be set the same as eitherone else. In todays time women litigate alongside with men and women has dangerous jobs that they work daily, the same as men. on that point are some women in office contributing to running this agricultural and running the country in a more efficient management than before. There is women police officer putting their life on the cable length to protect all concourse. There needs to be two people to pay bills that is why in todays time men and women both work for one household. Things has changed over the years as further as women having equal rights and I chance this change has been to better this country.I like those women prat brand decisions and they do non shed to take about anyone second guessing them. Masculinity and femininity are traits be when you are at a young age this is when m differents and fathers dressed girls in pink clo liaison and boys in blue clothing. In life sex associates with many things, for examples careers, sports, and look at a person for what automobile they drive. In the society we live in today it is a common thing to associate things like huge trucks, boxing, football, and wrestling as masculine things for men. look at the women side of things wo9me are often looked at as a homemaker, nurses, secretaries, passive, and are looked at to be in tune with their feminine side. The media plays a part in how people view masculinity and feminine which can be completed by a man or muliebrity. In the television world me and woman are looked at in a certain focussing.In earlier years GLBT was dang erous because of abuse whether somatic abuse or verbal abuse, and some went to the extent of killing because their whimsey was so intense. Some people viewed these types of situations as justified. In todays times GLBT are acknowledgen to be safe. The reason I imagine GLBT is now safer because GLBT in many states are now legal. There is disadvantage and discrimination against GLBT nothing ever happens because they are consequences with the law. Congressman Polis is a moderate of the LGBT Equality assemble. There are 91 Members of Congress they are move to making sure the human rights of LGBT are protected in the U.S., The Caucus of the LGBT was established in June 2008 these members are committed to eliminate hate crimes and to make sure everyone has an opportunity to have access to improve their health, regardless of their informal orientation or gender identity.Congressman Polis one the leader to fight against the militarys Dont Ask Dont Tell this was about gas and lesbia ns in the military. DADT was an act to let the gays and lesbians know that they could not serve in the military openly about their cozy orientation. DADT was the only law that told people to lie about what was going on in their lives so that they would not be fired. Unfortunately hate crimes happens every day and I every state. Hate crimes are not investigated the way most crimes are and thats because some states do not have the necessary resources to investigate these crimes to the fullest of the law. Hate crimes are usually committed because of a person sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. There are a certain number of women that can go into politics this is an issue for women.There has been a long wait amongst other women for a woman to become professorship. In order for a woman to become President it would take men and women to come together and be one the same level of thinking. I feel this would be a hard task to procure for a woman to become President some people still feel a woman should not be ruler over a man. As far as a woman becoming President most people feel like a woman is not strong enough to accomplish the task that it takes to be President.ReferencesPhillips,Laurie M.. Libelous Language Post Lawrence Accusations of Homosexuality as Defamation, Free Speech Yearbook, 2012 http//polis.house.gov/issues/?issueID=5032

A Virtuous Woman Essay

Kay Gibbons nooky be said as 1 of the rummy writers during her time. Despite of her past experiences especially during her childhood, remained strong and determined to pursue her dreams and lick e very(prenominal)thing possible through her unexampleds. Gibbons was born in 1960 at Wilson North Carolina. She is the young charr of Charles and Alice Butts. Her father is a tobacco farmer who is an alcoholic while her flummox is a simple housemarried woman. Her mother has a bipolar disorder that caused her death. She was foremost get married to Michael Gibbons but after few historic period, they separated. Despite of the separation, Gibbons had her children namely Mary, Leslies, and Louise.She got married once again to Frank Ward who is an attorney, but they separated in 1995. Now, she lived in Raleigh, North Carolina. According to researches approximately Kay Gibbons life, she loved reading a lot. In order to read books, she walked for three miles just to go to the Bookmobile where everything can be read for free. Acknowledging this kind of talent, she started writing her get apologue. Her first novel was Ellen nurse in 1987. After a supremacyful launch of this novel, she wrote a nonher novel entitled A gross(a) charr in 1989 that brought more success to her uprising career.After the two novels, she made another 6 novels A Cure for Dreams in 1991, Charms for Easy Life in 1993, Sights Unseen in 1995, On the Occasion of my last Afternoon in 1998, Diving Wowork force in 2004, and The Life All around Me by Ellen Foster in 2005. As we can see through Gibbons title of her novel, everything is about women. She talks about the weaknesses and strengths of women through her novels. However, she makes sure that women are winner in their duel against men in terms of social agencys and relationships.One of the examples of Gibbons comparison of men and womens capability in terms of relationship and love was her novel A Virtuous Woman. The horizontal surface o f Kay Gibbons entitled A Virtuous Woman is about an incomparable love between a couple that has been in love with ane another despite of their age gap. chromatic is 20 years old while darn is already 40 years old when they met each(prenominal) other and fall in love to one another. Despite having their gap, their love to one another bloomed in a lavishing way. Until one day, blood-red died due to lung cancer. Jack became paralyzed emotionally and intellectually because of her wifes death.He grieved alone after his wifes death. He similarly remained strong physically but he could not already utilize his body. This is a love chronicle, plain and simple. Its the tale of a 40-year-old tenant farmer and a 20-year old daughter of the gentry, who happen upon each other through fate or by chance. Jack and crimson alternately tell the story of their marriage, painting a picture of orphic and varied color. They speak of the everyday events that shaped their lives, their shard philosop hies, and their contrastive approaches to puzzle solving. This creates a crystal-clear picture of a deep and abiding marriage of some(prenominal) body and soul.But late in the novel, red-faced dies of lung cancer, and Jack is remaining alone with his recollections and his grief. This audio review envisions that Gibbons made a good glide path in her novel. She opened a wide variety of perspectives and ideologies within her story. though it was a simple story, stating everything of the consultations everyday life and relationship, Gibbons put something into those scenarios in the story that ratifiers could not in like manner express. It agency that her point of attack with every chapter of the novel is not the usual content of a story. These are the images and symbolizations in the novel.Readers can see but they could not under stand up the real meaning for they were showered with exuberant conditions of the characters and their conflicts. Because the cornerstone of the novel is love, Gibbons utter different arguments of acceptance, humility, contentment, and happiness. By showing the role of the relationship of Ruby and Jack, Gibbons in like manner explored the life of a young woman feel in love to an old man. Even if Jack is not that old, their age gap gave definition to the quotation, love is blind for it comes in different sizes and shapes. Her justification and evidence of true love were all stated in the novel. However, the question with this is that Ruby died first while Jack lives longer, why does Ruby became the virtuous woman? It is an amplification of womens gravity towards men. Despite of her sickness, Ruby still work for her husbands contentment while at home. Before she died, she preserved all things and foods needed by Jack for the abutting few weeks. She remained strong before she died. Her life during her first relationship was very tortuous that gave her inoperable tumors.However, despite all of these causes, she opened her li fe again to jack and gave him the best while she was suffering from her illness. Though Jack knows that Ruby is already suffering from her cancer, he still thought for his own self. As both characters in A Virtuous Woman come to grips with their threatening tragedy, the interior monologues that Gibbons has Jack and Ruby voice in the novel run it forward. Toward the end, Gibbons switches to a third-person perspective as the motivations and actions of other characters involved in Jack and Rubys life come into play.Elements of fiction developed the theme through its setting that gives atmosphere and connection between the story and the characters. some other element is the characters. They are the determiners of the story, whether to push each others character or to leave one another in vain. Characterization is also important in this theme because painting moulds the characters into a certain view that is connected to the theme of the story. Another important thing to consider in showing the theme of the story is the secret plan.There must be a convincing conflict, a distinct climax, and a strategic resolution and lastly, the symbolism within the story. The theme of the story mostly manifests on the authors symbolism whether nature, actions, or words of the characters. All of these things should be stated intelligibly in order to give its readers the justification to conclude the theme of the story because the author does not state his or her theme in the opening of the story. Readers should obtain the meanings of the symbols, setting, and characters of the story in order to acquire the theme.When it comes to these elements of fiction, Gibbons stated her setting, characters, symbolisms, plot, conflict, and characterization thoroughly. She characterizes her characters in a simple but significant way. Her setting is also simple but her strategic attack towards every single situation in the story is different. She showered her readers with different symbolis ms even if the plot and conflicts are simple. It means that a writer does not need to find strange plot and conflict just to attract readers. In terms of Kay Gibbons effectiveness, it can be said that she is an effective writer.She knows how to create imaginative characters with true personality. Once a reader read her novel, it was like a form of watching because the reader cold explore various elements of the characters, the settings, the images, and the whole plot of the story. She can also be seen as a feminist because she made sure in her novels that women are higher than men in almost every aspect. It is possibly because of her personal experiences as a wife and a daughter. As a whole, Kay Gibbons creativity and style towards her novels gave an opportunity to other women to show their meanings through their novels.It should not be an autobiography story but a way to show the society that women are not just instruments of men for they have their own identities. Kay Gibbon had learned from all her experiences in life. What she wants to experience with men was stated in her novels because in her novels, she can control men and gave them their weaknesses. It means that Gibbons is empowering women to stand in whatever kind of situation they may be. She described women as virtuous for in the society, women are only instruments and subjects. Through her novels, women are coercive and amazing in everything they do.Works CitedDeMarr, Mary Jean. Kaye Gibbons A Critical Companion. computed axial tomography Greenwood Press, 2003. Gibbons, Kaye. A Virtuous Woman. New York Vintage Books, 1990. Kaye Gibbons. Contemporary Authors Online. 2006. Thomson Gale. Northeast aluminum Community College Lib. , AL 17 Oct. 2007 . Kaye Gibbons Home Page. 2007. 17 Oct. 2007 . Taylor, Maurice. A Virtuous Woman. Library Journal Apr. 1989. 17 Oct. 2007. MAS Ultra School

Apple’s Success, Service and Innovations

CASE The Success of the iPod and iPhone raises the licensing question for orchard apple tree. Again 1. theatrical role the Cyclic Innovation Model figure to illustrate the innovation growth in this case and provide a brief description? orchard apple tree started in 1977 when its first personal ready reckoner was be aftered by Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak. The thing that was different about the orchard apple tree Macintosh personal estimator was that it employ a mouse driven operating system, which was not cosmos used by separate computers at the snip.Microsoft were using a Microsoft discus Operating System, which they licensed to completely other PC manufacturers, orchard apple tree refused to do this which limited it to only people who bought orchard apple tree computers, this led to Apples sh ars falling significantly. Although Apple had an arguably better operating system they were losing in the mart, because Microsoft licensed other manufacturers to use their operati ng system it became the common home plate system. This stubbornness although at the time seen to be foolish at the time, has helped with their victory today (Trott, P 2012).Apples technological research over time (and the return of Steven Jobs) led to the creation of the iPod. In 2001 the iPod was launched, from 2003 the sales of the iPod heavily increased, generating colossal profits for Apple, and give the brand more exposure. To help Apple surge with the grocery store competitors they kept meliorate and modifying the iPod, whilst still being able to fr testify its price. They did this by making modified versions such as the iPod Shuffle, and upgrading other models. Apple has continued to upgrade and invent in the altogether products to keep its customers and attract new ones.This has been done with the iMac, iPod, iPad and iPhone, adding new technological features, such as giving peals other multipurpose uses such as an iPod substitute as nearly as the invention of th e apps store. Their technological developments to make these products do all sorts of amazing new things has given them a enormous upper pass around in the market (Trott, P 2012). Apple have made a positive shift in the market transition since they first started, from the entrance of the Apple Macintosh in 1976 at the Homebrew Computer hunting lodge which was barely taken seriously.To now where the release of the iPad which was criticized for being too tumid for an iPhone but too small for a laptop which has made substantial profit, is astounding. The brand image they have built is superior to any other technological brand in the market, in my opinion. 2. With Sales of iPod falling and Apple facing fierce competition from all quarters such as Sony, Dell, Samsung and other electronics firms as well as mobile phone makers who are incorporating MP3 imposters into their devices, can the iPod survive?The iPod has become the standardized form of MP3 players in the market, pickings up 50% of market share in the MP3 market (Trott, P 2012). Although Apple has recorded a fall in iPod sales in recent years, they have been substituted for other apple products which have had a huge increase in sales such as the iPhone which is commonly used as an MP3 player. Other companies have tried making and matching and bettering the iPod with their own MP3 players but have been unsuccessful in knocking off the physical body 1 MP3 player of the decade.Apples brand is so strong in that market with so many different versions of the iPod, making them an affordable and safe picking when choosing an MP3 player. Still competitors willing keep trying to better the iPod through MP3 applied science in their own devices, the iPod will have to keep on better if it wants to keep the upper hand in the market. To keep their spot Apple with have to keep improving the quality and applied science of their iPod and keep its slick down original design, while still keeping the prices compet itive with other brands.Even newer technology will need to be presented by Apple if it wants to keep MP3 market shares high, futuristic technology will have to be designed peradventure holograms technology and increasing the uses that the iPod MP3 already has. Although I believe it is inevitable that iPods and MP3 players will soon be a very small market in todays society with so many other devices having the phasered technology plus more, that is still a fair while outside(a) and more profit is definitely yet to be made through the iPod.New fashionable unique covers can make the iPods more attractive to consumers, as well as all the accessories such as jogging/ fitness straps to hold them while the consumer participates in physical activity. Also upgrading the headphone design so it sits in more comfortably. I think more or less kind of hologram technology will become evident in the futurity of the mobile phone or iPod technology. Also a backup retention where the whole devi ce is always backed up to a computer device so absolutely nothing is lost if a phone breaks, or is lost. 3.How can Apple influence succeeding(a) technology developments or establish strategic alliances to ensure it is a dominant force in the hand-held device that will incorporate two the cellular phone and the MP3 player? Apple must continue to maintain a positive and believe strategic alliance with other companies in the future to ensure that their plans for future technologies arent leaked, or copied. If they are able to create that kind of a strategic alliance, and with a major technical company (e. g. HP) they could create some mind blowing new technology in the future.The possibilities if Apple were able to squad up with a technology giant could mean massive $$ for both companies, and new technology which could come out of that type of alliance could organise the standards for the next generation of the industry. With the ability Apple have to keep upgrading and improving their products this would give them a huge advantage over their competitors. However for now, Apple must make sure they maintain their brand image, as the producers of the newest and outmatch technology.The only way they will be able to do this is by keep upgrading their current products, while they wait for new technologys to be developed. They must also keep designing new and upgraded products, so when new generation technologys become available, people count on to buy their product first. This will help keep them as a dominant force in the future hand-held device of MP3, cellphone industry. References Trott, paul. 2012 innovation management and new product development 5th edition. prentice hall/pearson